Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause disease in animals or among humans, ranging from seasonal colds to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The virus is named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease caused by it is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization. So, how do such viruses spread, and how can we effectively fight the new coronavirus through air purifiers.

Viruses and bacteria spread similarly, and they can enter the body through skin-to-skin contact, diet, and the way we know it best—the air people breathe.

Nanometer or micrometer-sized solid or liquid particles suspended in the air are called aerosols. In fact, we form aerosols every day, such as sneezing, coughing, talking, and exhaling.

They can carry the virus and spread it in the air for several meters and suspend it for several hours according to the environment, humidity, temperature, air circulation, and other conditions. This route of transmission is now believed to be the main route of transmission for some viruses, such as the coronavirus.

Note that ensuring good ventilation is always the number one priority for indoor air quality: the faster air moves in a confined space, the lower the concentration of viruses in that space. However, it is not easy to ensure that there is enough fresh air in the room at all times, it depends on the ventilation system of the building, the external environment, whether the windows are kept open regularly, etc. Therefore, the value of an air purifier lies in providing additional protection.

In September, the FIMEA Association (Federation of Atmospheric Environment Industries) Working Group on Air Purifiers issued an open letter to public authorities announcing:

"Professionals in the fields of climate, air, and ventilation all over the world have highlighted the importance of indoor air treatment in the fight against coronavirus. Taking all these factors into consideration, taking action on indoor air is an important challenge in the field of public health and a key factor that must be considered when fighting Covid-19. The use of devices such as air purifiers seems to provide a real prevention sexual solutions."

In practice, air purifiers can reduce the average concentration of polluting particles in a room, including the average concentration of aerosols produced by human speech and breathing, which are also essentially a form of particulate matter. Therefore, we can judge that air purifiers reduce the risk of virus transmission.

To judge the efficiency of different air purification technologies in capturing viral aerosols, the particle size suspended in the air must be considered. Most bacteria are 1 to 10 microns in size, while viruses have an average size of 10 to 400 nanometers, one-tenth or even one hundredth the size of bacteria. These pathogens are 100 to 10,000 times smaller than a grain of sand!

Traditional air purifiers of the HEPA type are able to trap aerosols through a filter. However, they do not capture aerosols in the air that does not pass through the filter, so a high air renewal rate (at least 1 volume per hour) is necessary to significantly reduce airborne aerosol levels.

However, the air circulation caused by an air purifier can increase the speed of air movement in the room, which may, in turn, accelerate the spread of virus-carrying aerosols, potentially increasing the risk of transmission. Therefore, it is difficult to judge the actual effectiveness of such a device against the spread of the virus.

Other recognized germicidal technologies can also be used to replace or supplement the purifier: UVC, photocatalytic, ozone, cold plasma. These technologies all carry the risk of so-called secondary pollutants, which can be harmful to health. So they are recommended for use in uninhabited spaces, making their usefulness in fighting the spread of the virus questionable.

Traditional "filter-type" air purifiers use fans to accelerate indoor air circulation, which may accelerate the spread of viral aerosols and therefore potentially increase the risk of virus transmission. The WHO specifically warns against the careful use of fans in closed rooms in the context of Covid-19. On the contrary, fanless negative ion air purifiers such as TEQOYA do not exacerbate the diffusion of aerosols in the air.

All these elements suggest that the use of negative ion air purifiers is an effective supplement to the protection against viruses recommended by medical authorities. It reduces the risk of virus transmission, especially in crowded indoor spaces.

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